RS Electrogravitic References: Part 12 of 19.

"CP Violation and Antigravity Revisited", G. Chardin, Nuclear Physics,
Jun 7 1993, Vol 558

"Equivalence Principal Violation, Antigravity and Anyons Induced by
Gravitational Chern-Simons Couplings", S. Deser, Classical and Quantum
Gravity, 1992, Vol 9 Supp

"The Arguments Against Antigravity and the Gravitational Acceleration
of Anti-Matter", Michael Martin, Physics Reports, Jul 1 1991, Vol 205

"Empirical Limits to Antigravity", Ericson & Richter, Europhysics Letters,
Feb 15 1990, Vol 11 no 4

"Chern-Simons Quantizations of (2+1) Anti-de Sitter Gravity on a Torus",
K. Ezawa, Classical and Quantum Gravity, Feb 1 1995 Vol 12 No 2

"Green's Function for Anti-de Sitter Space Gravity", Gary Kleppe,
Physical Review d: Particles, Fields, Gravity; Dec 15 1994 Vol 50 No 12

"Lowest Eigenvalues of the Energy Operator for Totally Anti Symmetric
Massless Fields of the N-Dimensional Anti-de Sitter Group", R.R. Metsaev,
Classical and Quantum Gravity, Nov 1 1994, Vol 11 No 11

"The Positivity of Energy for Asymptotically Anti-de Sitter Spacetimes",
E. Woolgar, Classical and Quantum Gravity, Jul 1 1994, Vol 11 No 7

"Vacuum Polarization Near Asymptotically Anti-de Sitter Black Holes
in Odd Dimensions", Shiraishi & Maki, Classical and Quantum Gravity, Jul 1
1994, Vol 11 No 7

"Strong Anti Gravity: Life in the Shock Wave", Fabbrichesi & Roland,
Nuclear Physics B, Dec 21 1992, Vol 388 No 2

"Global Solutions of Yang-Mills Equations on Anti-de Sitter Spacetime",
Choquet-Bruhat, Classical and Quantum Gravity, Dec 1 1989, Vol 6 No 12

"The Scalar Wave Equation on Static de Sitter and Anti-de Sitter
Spacetimes", D. Polarski, Classical and Quantum Gravity, Jun 1 1989

"Lehman Representation of the Spinor Two-Point Function in Anti-de Sitter
Space", E. Gath, Classical and Quantum Gravity, May 1 1989, Vol 6 no 5

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dr. Bernhard Haisch has modeled inertial mass as deriving from an accelerated
body's interaction with the zero point field (ZPF), consonant with a large
body of refereed physics literature.

Haisch in Feb 1994 Phys. Rev. A
Science vol 263 p 612
Scientific American vol 270, p 30
New Scientist 25 Feb 1995 p 30
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

"Gravity as a Zero-Point-Fluctuation Force," H.E. Puthoff, Physical
Review A: General Physics. Mar 1 1989, Vol39 No 5 ----------------------------
----------------------------------------------

The 4 February 1994 issue of Science magazine has an article about a new
theory of inertia. A recent paper by Bernhard Haisch, Alfonso Rueda and Hal
Puthoff in the 1 Feb 1994 issue of Physical Review A, based on earlier work by
Andrei Sakharov, derives inertia from quantum electromagnetic vacuum
fluctuations. The idea is that if inertia is due to some strange quantum EM
effects, it might be understood and controlled, and even neutralized.
Haisch is at the Lockheed Palo Alto laboratories, Rueda, at Cal. State. Long
Beach, and Puthoff at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Austin Texas.
Needless to say, this new theory is serious, but very controversial physics. A
test is planned later this year at the SLAC linear accelerator by exposing a
high energy electron beam to terawatt laser. Keep tuned!
-- John H. Chalmers Jr
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

A recent controversial theory of Austin Institute for Advanced Study physicist
Hal Puthoff and his collaborators Haisch and Rueda appears to explain gravity
as not an intrinsic property of matter but as an indirect consequence of
Maxwellian electromagnetic radiation, namely that (as earlier suggested by the
late Russian dissenter Sakharov) gravity is a "shadow effect" similar to the
Casimir Effect of quantum electrodynamics. Bass points out that if the Haisch-
Puthoff-Rueda theory is correct then Hodowanec's idea of tapping the earth's
gravity field in some electromagnetic way not hitherto suggested is
conceivable. - Joel McClain
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Puthoff and his collaborators have gone so far as to use SED (Stochastic
Electro-Dynamics) to _explain_ both gravitational & inertial mass and to show
their equivalence, and to derive Newton's F = Ma, and to derive Mach's
principle (without which Einstein admitted that no theory of gravity could
claim to be complete), and to derive Dirac's "cosmological numerical
coincidences" as inevitabilities, and to derive Newtonian gravity, and to
derive the Newton-Cavendish parameter G!!! -- Robert Bass
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

It is an amazing coincidence that the total Newtonian gravitational potential
energy of any object due to all masses in the universe is equal in magnitude
to its total energy, at least to within a small factor, considering that this
involves an expression involving multiple factors of the order of 10 to the
40th power. This was pointed out by Dirac in his Large Numbers Hypothesis, and
used as part of a beautiful illustrative theory by Dennis Sciama [1], in which
he constructs a theory of gravity closely analogous to the classical theory of
electromagnetism, and shows that inertia can be directly attributed to the
gravitational effect of accelerating relative to the gravitational potential
sources of the whole universe (or indeed of accelerating the whole universe
relative to the object, because in Sciama's theory, the two points of view are
equivalent). This theory is obviously consistent with Mach's Principle (which
is effectively that inertial motion is in some sense relative to the rest of
universe). Sciama's theory is only a simplified approximation, but it is so
neat that it seems likely that some similar principle must apply also within
General Relativity. However, one of its most basic implications is that the
gravitational "constant" G would depend on the distribution of matter in the
universe, which seems to be in direct conflict with GR. I personally think GR
is probably not quite right. -- Jonathan Scott

[1] D.W.Sciama, "On the Origin of Inertia", M.N.R.A.S. Vol. 113, p34,
1953.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

GENERAL RELATIVITY & QUANTUM COSMOLOGY, ABSTRACT GR-QC/9412012 From: "Haret
Rosu"
Date: 3 Dec 94 19:36:00 CST
Classical and quantum inertia: a heuristic introduction,
Author(s): Haret C. Rosu
Report: IFUG-27/94,
Comments: 20 pages, LaTex 11pt, no figures.
A non-technical discussion of the problem of inertia is provided both in
classical physics and in the quantum world. After briefly reviewing the
classical formulations (WEP, EEP, and SEP), I pass to a presentation of the
equivalence statements for quantum vacuum states. One can also find a number
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Krech, Michael.
The Casimir effect in critical systems / Michael Krech. Singapore ; River
Edge, NJ : World Scientific, c1994. x, 253 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. LC CALL NUMBER:
QC173.4.C74 K74 1994
SUBJECTS: Critical phenomena. Casimir effect. ISBN: 9810218451

Cavity quantum electrodynamics/edited by Paul R. Berman. Boston : Academic
Press, c1994. xvi, 464 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. LC CALL NUMBER: QC446.2 .C38 1994
SUBJECTS: Quantum optics. Quantum electrodynamics. Casimir effect. ISBN:
0120922452 (alk. paper)

Long-range Casimir forces : theory and recent experiments on atomic systems
Edited by Frank S. Levin and David A. Micha. New York : Plenum Press, c1993.
LC CALL NUMBER: QC680 .L63 1993
SUBJECTS: Casimir effect.
ISBN: 0306443856

Physics in the making : essays on developments in 20th century physics: in
honour of H.B.G. Casimir on the occasion of his 80th birthday/ edited by A.
Sarlemijn and M.J. Sparnaay. Amsterdam : North-Holland; New York, N.Y., U.S.A.
: Sole distributors for the U.S.A. and Canada, Elsevier Science Pub. Co.,
1989. xiv, 361 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. LC CALL NUMBER: QC7 .P48 1989
SUBJECTS: Casimir, H. B. G. (Hendrik Brugt Gerhard), 1909-
Casimir, H. B. G. (Hendrik Brugt Gerhard), 1909- Sarlemijn, Andries, 1936-
Sparnaay, M. J. (Marcus Johannes)
ISBN: 0444881212
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Edwards-Casimir Quantum Vacuum Drive --
A hypothetical drive exploiting the peculiarities of quantum mechanics by
restricting allowed wavelengths of virtual photons on one side of the drive
(the bow of the ship); the pressure generated from the unrestricted virtual
photons toward the aft generates a net force and propels the drive. ----------
------------------------------------------------------------

CONDENSED MATTER, ABSTRACT COND-MAT/9505108 From: moraes@guinness.ias.edu
(Fernando Moraes) Date: Tue, 23 May 95 17:12:35 EDT
Enhancement of the magnetic moment of the electron due to a topological defect
Author(s): Fernando Moraes (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton)
In the framework of the theory of defects/three-dimensional gravitation, it is
obtained a positive correction to the magnetic moment of the electron bound to
a disclination in a dielectric solid. With the disclination modelled as a
parallel plate casimir effect.

HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS - THEORY, ABSTRACT HEP-TH/9212077 From:
milton@phyast.nhn.uoknor.edu (Kim Milton) Date: Fri, 11 Dec 92 16:13:13 CST
MAXWELL-CHERN-SIMONS CASIMIR EFFECT, KIMBALL A. MILTON, DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
AND ASTRONOMY, UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA
In odd-dimensional spaces, gauge invariance permits a Chern-Simons mass term
for the gauge fields in addition to the usual Maxwell-Yang-Mills kinetic
energy term. We study the Casimir effect in such a (2+1)-dimensional Abelian
theory. For the case of parallel conducting lines the result is the same as
for a scalar field. For the case of circular boundary conditions the results
are completely different, with even the sign of the effect being opposite for
Maxwell-Chern-Simons fields and scalar fields. We further examine the effect
of finite temperature. The Casimir stress is found to be attractive at both
low and high temperature. Possibilities of observing this effect in the
laboratory are discussed.

GENERAL RELATIVITY & QUANTUM COSMOLOGY, ABSTRACT GR-QC/9303038 PHYS. REV. D
48, 776 (1993)
FROM: LFORD@PEARL.TUFTS.EDU
Date: Wed, 31 Mar 1993 17:47 EDT
MOTION OF INERTIAL OBSERVERS THROUGH NEGATIVE ENERGY, BY L.H. FORD AND THOMAS
A. ROMAN,
Recent research has indicated that negative energy fluxes due to quantum
coherence effects obey uncertainty principle-type inequalities of the form
$|\Delta E|\,{\Delta \tau} \lprox 1\,$. Here $|\Delta E|$ is the magnitude of
the negative energy which is transmitted on a timescale $\Delta \tau$. Our
main focus in this paper is on negative energy fluxes which are produced by
the motion of observers through static negative energy regions. We find that
although a quantum inequality appears to be satisfied for radially moving
geodesic observers in two and four-dimensional black hole spacetimes, an
observer orbiting close to a black hole will see a constant negative energy
flux. In addition, we show that inertial observers moving slowly through the
Casimir vacuum can achieve arbitrarily large violations of the inequality. It
seems likely that, in general, these types of negative energy fluxes are not
constrained by inequalities on the magnitude and duration of the flux. We
construct a model of a non-gravitational stress-energy detector, which is
rapidly switched on and off, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of such
a detector.

GENERAL RELATIVITY & QUANTUM COSMOLOGY, ABSTRACT GR-QC/9304008 PHYS. REV. D
47, 4510 (1993).
FROM: LFORD@PEARL.TUFTS.EDU
Date: Tue, 6 Apr 1993 12:56 EDT
SEMICLASSICAL GRAVITY THEORY AND QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS, BY CHUNG-I KUO AND L.
H. FORD.
We discuss the limits of validity of the semiclassical theory of gravity in
which a classical metric is coupled to the expectation value of the stress
tensor. It is argued that this theory is a good approximation only when the
fluctuations in the stress tensor are small. We calculate a dimensionless
measure of these fluctuations for a scalar field on a flat background in
particular cases, including squeezed states and the Casimir vacuum state. It
is found that the fluctuations are small for states which are close to a
coherent state, which describes classical behavior, but tend to be large
otherwise. We find in all cases studied that the energy density fluctuations
are large whenever the local energy density is negative. This is taken to mean
that the gravitational field of a system with negative energy density, such as
the Casimir vacuum, is not described by a fixed classical metric but is
undergoing large metric fluctuations. We propose an operational scheme by
which one can describe a fluctuating gravitational field in terms of the
statistical behavior of test particles. For this purpose we obtain an equation
of the form of the Langevin equation used to describe Brownian motion.

HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS - PHENOMENOLOGY, ABSTRACT HEP-PH/9307258 From:
langfeld@ptsun1.tphys.physik.uni-tuebingen.de (Kurt Langfeld) Date: Tue, 13
Jul 93 08:04:30 +0200
CASIMIR EFFECT OF STRONGLY INTERACTING SCALAR FIELDS, BY K. LANGFELD, F.
SCHMUSER, AND H. REINHARDT
Non-trivial $\phi ^{4}$-theory is studied in a renormalisation group invariant
approach inside a box consisting of rectangular plates and where the scalar
modes satisfy periodic boundary conditions at the plates. It is found that the
Casimir energy exponentially approaches the infinite volume limit, the decay
rate given by the scalar condensate. It therefore essentially differs from the
power law of a free theory. This might provide experimental access to
properties of the non-trivial vacuum. At small interplate distances the system
can no longer tolerate a scalar condensate, and a first order phase transition
to the perturbative phase occurs. The dependence of the vacuum energy density
and the scalar condensate on the box dimensions are presented.

GENERAL RELATIVITY & QUANTUM COSMOLOGY, ABSTRACT GR-QC 9310007 PHYSICA SCRIPTA
48, 649 (1993)
FROM: harald@nordita.dk (Harald H. Soleng) Date: Mon, 4 Oct 93
INVERSE SQUARE LAW OF GRAVITATION IN (2+1)-DIMENSIONAL SPACE-TIME AS A
CONSEQUENCE OF CASIMIR ENERGY, H. H. SOLENG,
The gravitational effect of vacuum polarization in space exterior to a
particle in (2+1)-dimensional Einstein theory is investigated. In the weak
field limit this gravitational field corresponds to an inverse square law of
gravitational attraction, even though the gravitational mass of the quantum
vacuum is negative. The paradox is resolved by considering a particle of
finite extension and taking into account the vacuum polarization in its
interior.

HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS - THEORY, ABSTRACT HEP-TH/9312069 From: segui@cc.unizar.es
Date: Thu, 9 DEC 93 13:50 GMT
A MODIFIED SCHWINGER'S FORMULA FOR THE CASIMIR EFFECT, M.V. COUGO-PINTO, C.
FARINA AND ANTONIO J. SEGUI-SANTONJA
After briefly reviewing how the (proper-time) Schwinger's formula works for
computing the Casimir energy in the case of "scalar electrodynamics" where the
boundary conditions are dictated by two perfectly conducting parallel plates
with separation "a" in the Z-axis, we propose a slightly modification in the
previous approach based on an analytical continuation method. As we will see,
for the case at hand our formula does not need the use of Poisson summation to
get a (renormalized) finite result.

HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS - THEORY, ABSTRACT HEP-TH/9401123 From: segui@cc.unizar.es
Date: Tue, 25 JAN 94 21:47 GMT
SCHWINGER'S METHOD FOR THE MASSIVE CASIMIR EFFECT, BY M.V. COUGO-PINTO, C.
FARINA AND A.J. SEGUI-SANTONJA
We apply to the massive scalar field a method recently proposed by Schwinger
to calculate the Casimir effect. The method is applied with two different
regularization schemes: the Schwinger original one by means of Poisson formula
and another one by means of analytical continuation.

HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS - THEORY, ABSTRACT HEP-TH/9405060 From: Shtykov Nikolay
Date: Tue, 10 May 94 17:40:50 JST
THE FINITE VACUUM ENERGY FOR SPINOR, SCALAR AND VECTOR FIELDS, N.SHTYKOV
We compute the one-loop potential (the Casimir energy) for scalar, spinor and
vectors fields on the spaces $\,R^{m+1}\, \times\,Y$ with $\,Y=\,S^N\,,CP^2$.
As a physical model we consider spinor electrodynamics on four-dimensional
product manifolds. We examine the cancelation of a divergent part of the
Casimir energy on even-dimensional spaces by means of including the parameter
$\,M$ in original action. For some models we compare our results with those
found in the literature.

HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS - THEORY, ABSTRACT HEP-TH/9408172 From:
LFORD@PEARL.TUFTS.EDU
Date: Tue, 30 Aug 1994 16:45:05 -0400 (EDT) DECOHERENCE AND VACUUM
FLUCTUATIONS, L.H. FORD, TUFTS UNIVERSITY
The interference pattern of coherent electrons is effected by coupling to the
quantized electromagnetic field. The amplitudes of the interference maxima are
changed by a factor which depends upon a double line integral of the photon
two-point function around the closed path of the electrons. The interference
pattern is sensitive to shifts in the vacuum fluctuations in regions from
which the electrons are excluded. Thus this effect combines aspects of both
the Casimir and the Aharonov-Bohm effects. The coupling to the quantized
electromagnetic field tends to decrease the amplitude of the interference
oscillations, and hence is a form of decoherence. The contributions due to
photon emission and to vacuum fluctuations may be separately identified. It is
to be expected that photon emission leads to decoherence, as it can reveal
which path an electron takes. It is less obvious that vacuum fluctuations also
can cause decoherence. What is directly observable is a shift in the
fluctuations due, for example, to the presence of a conducting plate. In the
case of electrons moving parallel to conducting boundaries, the dominant
decohering influence is that of the vacuum fluctuations. The shift in the
interference amplitudes can be of the order of a few percent, so experimental
verification of this effect may be possible. The possibility of using this
effect to probe the interior of matter, e.g., to determine the electrical
conductivity of a rod by means of electrons encircling it is discussed.
(Presented at the Conference on Fundamental Problems in Quantum Theory,
University of Maryland, Baltimore County, June 18-22, 1994.)

GENERAL RELATIVITY & QUANTUM COSMOLOGY, ABSTRACT GR-QC/9410043 PHYS. REV. D
51, 4277(1995).
FROM: FORD@TUHEP.PHY.TUFTS.EDU
Date: Fri, 28 Oct 1994 20:33 EST
AVERAGED ENERGY CONDITIONS AND QUANTUM INEQUALITIES, L.H. FORD AND THOMAS A.
ROMAN
Connections are uncovered between the averaged weak (AWEC) and averaged null
(ANEC) energy conditions, and quantum inequality restrictions on negative
Minkowski universe, we derive a covariant quantum inequality-type bound on the
difference of the expectation values of the energy density in an arbitrary
quantum state and in the Casimir vacuum state. From this bound, it is shown
that the difference of expectation values also obeys AWEC and ANEC-type
integral conditions. In contrast, it is well-known that the stress tensor in
the Casimir vacuum state alone satisfies neither quantum inequalities nor
averaged energy conditions. Such difference inequalities represent limits on
the degree of energy condition violation that is allowed over and above any
violation due to negative energy densities in a background vacuum state. In
our simple two-dimensional model, they provide physically interesting examples
of new constraints on negative energy which hold even when the usual AWEC,
ANEC, and quantum inequality restrictions fail. In the limit when the size of
the space is allowed to go to infinity, we derive quantum inequalities for
timelike and null geodesics which, in appropriate limits, reduce to AWEC and
ANEC in ordinary two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. We also derive a quantum
inequality bound on the energy density seen by an inertial observer in four-
dimensional Minkowski spacetime. The bound implies that any inertial observer
in flat spacetime cannot see an arbitrarily large negative energy density
which lasts for an arbitrarily long period of time.

GENERAL RELATIVITY & QUANTUM COSMOLOGY, ABSTRACT GR-QC/9411053 From: "Haret
Rosu"
Date: 20 Nov 94 21:15:00 CST
On the assignment of frequency spectra to quantum vacuum effects, Author:
Haret C. Rosu, Report: IFUG-25/94,
I discuss in an introductory manner, i.e., in the form of comments on
available references, the problem of assigning frequency spectra to such
fundamental effects like Casimir, Hawking, Unruh, and squeezing effects. This
may help to clarify their differences as well as their similarities.

GENERAL RELATIVITY & QUANTUM COSMOLOGY, ABSTRACT GR-QC/9411056 From:
ulvi@tapir.Caltech.EDU (Ulvi Yurtsever) Date: Mon, 21 Nov 94 15:56:11 -0800
The averaged null energy condition and difference inequalities in quantum
field theory, by: Ulvi Yurtsever
Recently, Larry Ford and Tom Roman have discovered that in a flat cylindrical
space, although the stress-energy tensor itself fails to satisfy the averaged
null energy condition (ANEC) along the (non-achronal) null geodesics, when the
Casimir-vacuum" contribution is subtracted from the stress-energy the
resulting tensor does satisfy the ANEC inequality. Ford and Roman name this
class of constraints on the quantum stress-energy tensor difference
inequalities." Here I give a proof of the difference inequality for a
minimally coupled massless scalar field in an arbitrary two-dimensional
spacetime, using the same techniques as those we relied on to prove ANEC in an
earlier paper with Robert Wald. I begin with an overview of averaged energy
conditions in quantum field theory.

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